Spanish - Associate in Arts

A writing course designed primarily to meet the needs of students pursuing career and technical programs. Meets the written composition graduation requirement for an AHC associate's degree. Students who plan to transfer to a four-year institution will need to take ENGL 101 instead of this course to meet the university's first-year composition requirement. Readings will be drawn from the disciplines involved so that students master comprehension and critical reading skills in real-world texts. Writing assignments and projects will similarly be based upon the types of critical thinking and analytical writing required in the students' fields of study. Research methods and skills will be emphasized. 

In this course, students receive instruction in academic reading and writing, including writing processes, effective use of language, analytical thinking, and the foundations of academic research.

Students will prepare and write a research paper.  This course is not open to students who have already successfully taken ENGL 101.

This course examines the complex, dynamic relationship between communities and the justice system in addressing crime and conflict with an emphasis on the challenges and prospects of administering justice within a diverse multicultural population. Topics covered may include crime prevention, restorative justice, conflict resolution, and ethics.

Designed to assist individuals and/or those working with individuals to analyze and direct their financial affairs. Elements and concepts of financial planning and decision making in the areas of budgeting, taxes, borrowing, money management, consuming, insurance, investments, retirement, and estate planning will be analyzed with an emphasis on application to changing family needs. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for Economics 130 or Family and Consumer Sciences 130.

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the social and behavioral sciences through the lens of interpersonal communication; encouraging students to explore the complexities of human interaction within culturally constructed frameworks. Students will engage with theory and research findings to understand how communication shapes and is shaped by diverse cultures, genders, and other identity dynamics. This course is not open to students who have received credit for  SPCH 103.

Provides knowledge and experience in food preparation terminology, equipment, and techniques to increase proficiency, coupled with investigation of the science principles involved. Emphasis is on ingredient functions and interactions; production and sensory evaluation standards; food safety and sanitation; nutrient composition; and food aesthetics and presentation. Content includes recipe and menu development, stocks, sauces, meat, poultry, fish and shellfish. This course is not open to students who have received credit for FCS 120.

This course examines laws, regulations, standards, policies, procedures, and best practices related to health, safety, and nutrition in care and education settings for children birth through middle childhood. Includes the teacher’s role in prevention strategies, nutrition and meal planning, integrating health safety and nutrition experiences into daily routines, and overall risk management.

Examines socio-cultural and psychological perspectives on parent/child relationships by investigating typical and a typical child-rearing patterns from infancy. Topics include analysis of developmental issues between parents and children, the nature of permanent relationships, and effective models of parental practices.

Designed to assist individuals and/or those working with individuals to analyze and direct their financial affairs. Elements and concepts of financial planning and decision making in the areas of budgeting, taxes, borrowing, money management, consuming, insurance, investments, retirement, and estate planning will be analyzed with an emphasis on application to changing family needs. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for Business 130 or Family and Consumer Sciences 130.

This course provides American Heart Association (AHA) "Heartsaver" first aid/ cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)/automated external defibrillator (AED) training as a citizen responder in addition to providing Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training that will prepare the student to deliver basic emergency care during a disaster prior to the arrival of professional emergency responders. Upon successful completion of the course, the student will receive AHA "Heartsaver" first aid/CPR/AED card as well as a FEMA CERT certificate of completion. This course is not open to students who have received credit for Physical Education 102.

Provides knowledge and experience in food preparation terminology, equipment, and techniques to increase proficiency, coupled with investigation of the science principles involved. Emphasis is on ingredient functions and interactions; production and sensory evaluation standards; food safety and sanitation; nutrient composition; and food aesthetics and presentation. Content includes recipe and menu development, stocks, sauces, meat, poultry, fish and shellfish. This course is not open to students who have received credit for CA 120.

Designed to assist individuals and/or those working with individuals to analyze and direct their financial affairs. Elements and concepts of financial planning and decision making in the areas of budgeting, taxes, borrowing, money management, consuming, insurance, investments, retirement, and estate planning will be analyzed with an emphasis on application to changing family needs. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for BUS 130 or ECON 130.

Provides individuals with skills for understanding and using internal and external resources to function effectively in our present and future society. Major topics include: effects of cultural forces and future trends on values, standards, and goals; skills for decision making, time, energy, stress, and conflict management; and techniques for improving self-understanding and interpersonal relationships in a culturally diverse society. Students who have received credit for more than three life management modules may not enroll in this course.

An overview of basic nutrition which emphasizes the application of nutrition science to consumer choices for improved health, fitness, and disease prevention. Individuals will assess their own diet quality and will learn to select diets appropriate to their individual lifestyles, inherited health risks, tastes, and needs at all stages of the life cycle. The course examines current controversies and claims to distinguish fact from fallacy and assists in adapting research on diet and health to individual needs. The course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for FCS 109.

This course provides a vibrant and detailed view of the important subjects of food behaviors and eating disorders. It examines the nutritional, psychological, and physiological factors which lead to healthy and unhealthy weight management strategies. Emphasis is placed on understanding and applying basic nutrition principles in daily life. As a vital part of the learning experience, students are invited to participate in assessing their own eating and physical activity behaviors. A series of interactive, practical activities will guide students through the processes of planning, implementing, evaluating and maintaining healthful nutrition and lifestyle strategies. Students will learn techniques for applying these skills in diverse counseling situations. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for FCS 112.

Students will learn and synthesize information concerning the impact of the social determinants of health, including education, socioeconomic status, race, sexual orientation, disability and gender.  Students are provided with a broad foundation of knowledge dealing with such social determinants in mental health, stress management, fitness, diet and weight control, prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, drugs and alcohol, first aid, cancer prevention and control, and the scope of, and access to community health services.

Examines family systems dynamics and intergenerational transmission of addiction, and the interacting effects of these phenomena with abuse and psychological trauma.

An overview of the role of alcohol and other drugs in society with emphasis on such topics as patterns of use, major categories of drugs, use/misuse/addiction, and approaches to prevention, intervention, and treatment. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for SOC 106 or PSY 106.

An introduction to leadership and skills associated with effective leadership. Topics include parliamentary procedure, group dynamics, planning and conducting activities. Self awareness, cultural differences, ethics, communications skills, motivation, delegation and time management as related to organizational structure are emphasized.

Provides in-depth career direction with an intensive exploration of one's own values, interests, abilities, and an intensive career information search. Instruction includes self-paced materials, lecture, small group discussion, interviews, and input from various campus departments.

Assists students in considering individual development with the goal of increasing knowledge of self and others within the college. Topics include self-knowledge and assessment, learning to learn, and making the best use of college resources. This course is not open to students who have received credit for LS 101.

An exploration of the dynamics of human relationships with an emphasis on a positive view of human connections, and how individuals relate to one another. Counseling and psychology theories integrated with communication skills are combined to better understand oneself within relationships and how to create positive relationships. (F,S)

An intersectional and interdisciplinary approach to understanding success in college for Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students. This course will explore factors which contribute to a successful experience in higher education for Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students. An examination of the cultural and educational experiences of the Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x communities in the United States. Emphasis on understanding the historical background of Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students in relation to current educational conditions and trends which impact student success.

An overview of the role of alcohol and other drugs in society with emphasis on such topics as patterns of use, major categories of drugs, use/misuse/addiction, and approaches to prevention, intervention, and treatment. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for SOC 106 or HUSV 110.

This course is an introductory overview of the human sexual condition from the perspective of the diverse cultures, sociological and psychological aspects within the United States as well as other countries/cultures. Students will be encouraged to become aware of their own sexual values, attitudes and related behaviors as well as being tolerant of sexual expression/orientation different from their own experience. This course will emphasize social patterns of sexual behavior, sexuality lifespan, sexual norms and abnormalities as well as historical and current sexual problems.

This course covers major contemporary personality theories, compares and contrasts diverse personality perspectives, and applies the theoretical principles to personality, psychological health, and psychological growth.

A balanced study of basic theories, research, and principles of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development from conception to death is presented in an integrated manner; includes behavior, sexuality, nutrition, health, stress, environmental relationships, and implications of death and dying.

An overview of the role of alcohol and other drugs in society with emphasis on such topics as patterns of use, major categories of drugs, use/misuse/addiction, and approaches to prevention, intervention, and treatment. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for SOC 106 or PSY 106.

A study of today's family from a sociological perspective. An overview of intimate relationships, including love, sex, gender roles, dating, forming partnerships, marriage, parenting, family values, and cultural differences is presented.

This is a survey of the history of African Americans from their origins in Africa to the present covering the political, cultural, social, and economic experiences of African Americans. Students will encounter the social, economic, and legal institutions which characterized being black in the United States at various periods in the nation's history.  Topics include African civilization, slavery, the Diaspora, abolition, reconstruction, segregation, Harlem Renaissance, Civil Rights Movement, African Americans in politics, and race in Modern America. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for HIST 121.

A survey of United States history (New World exploration to 1877) and its method of research through critical thinking involving the economic, political, international, and ethnic factors fundamental for understanding the nation's origins and early development.

A survey of United States history (1877 to the present) through philosophic systems as related to critical thinking involving the political, ethnic, economic, and international factors fundamental for understanding the nation's growth since the Civil War.

A brief survey of United States history (New World exploration to the present), and its method of research through critical thinking involving the economic, political, international, and ethnic factors fundamental for understanding the nation's origins and growth.

The history of California from the earliest explorers to the present, with emphasis on major social and cultural themes.

This is a survey of the history of African Americans from their origins in Africa to the present covering the political, cultural, social, and economic experiences of African Americans. Students will encounter the social, economic, and legal institutions which characterized being black in the United States at various periods in the nation's history.  Topics include African civilization, slavery, the Diaspora, abolition, reconstruction, segregation, Harlem Renaissance, Civil Rights Movement, African Americans in politics, and race in Modern America. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 121.

This is an introductory course examining a variety of approaches to the study of political science with particular emphasis on the American political system in comparative perspective. Topics discussed include nature of politics, comparative politics, selected political philosophers, principles of government, methods used by political scientists, and American government. This course satisfies part of the history and government requirements for the California State Colleges and Universities and Allan Hancock College. Students receiving credit must demonstrate satisfactory knowledge about national and state government.

This course is an introduction to government and politics in the United States and California. Students examine the constitutions, structure, and operation of governing institutions, civil liberties and civil rights, political behaviors, political issues, and public policy using political science theory and methodology.

A study of American government at the national, state, and local levels. Governmental principles, institutions, and their historical development are examined. This course satisfies part of the history and government requirements for the California State Colleges and Universities, University of California, Allan Hancock College, and many private colleges. (F,S). The course is not open to students who received credit for POLS 103. 

This course provides a foundational introduction to communication studies. Students will explore key communication theories, effective public speaking techniques—both informative and persuasive— and the principles of rhetoric. The course equips students to articulate ideas clearly across diverse contexts and audiences. Students will critically evaluate historical and contemporary speeches while practicing ethical communication to enhance awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Per CalGETC standards, this course is taught in English.

In this course, students learn and apply foundational rhetorical theories and techniques of public speaking in a multicultural democratic society. Students discover, develop, and critically analyze ideas in public discourse through research, reasoning, organization, composition, delivery to a live audience and evaluation of various types of speeches, including informative and persuasive speeches.

The course is not open to students who received credit for SPCH 101 or COMM 101. Per CalGETC requirements, this course is taught in English. 

Provides an introduction to effective public speaking in a democratic society and an overview of group communication theory. Students will learn how to research, organize, outline, and effectively deliver faculty-supervised, faculty-evaluated oral presentations to a live audience. Through practice and research, students will explore concepts of group dynamics, leadership, decision-making, verbal/nonverbal communication, and conflict management.  The course is not open to students who received credit for SPCH 102. As per CalGETC requirements, this course is taught in English. 

This course will address the topics of logic and reasoning, logical fallacies, research and ethical advocacy through the theory and practice of academic debate. Students will develop their critical thinking skills by conducting inquiry-driven research, reading and analyzing texts and speeches/debates,and preparing and participating in formal and informal debates. Students will develop, evaluate, and refine their argumentative writing through a sequence of essays and assignments with a minimum of 5,000 words/semester.  The course is not open to students who received credit for SPCH 106.

In this course, students receive instruction in critical thinking for purposes of constructing, evaluating, and composing arguments in a variety of rhetorical forms, using primarily non-fiction texts, refining writing skills and research strategies developed in ENGL C1000 College Reading and Writing (C-ID ENGL 100) or similar first-year college writing course.

Emphasizes skills application through writing a sequence of argumentative essays. Not open to students who have taken ENGL 103.

Develops written communication skills for industrial, scientific, and technical fields. Emphasis is placed upon audience analysis; technical formats such as reports, summaries, and proposals; collaborative problem solving; research skills; clarity and conciseness of expression.

An introduction to the methods of principles of logic exploring inductive logic, deductive logic, and critical thinking including applications to philosophy, the exact sciences, the social sciences, and to reasoning in everyday life.

Introduction to critical thinking and critical writing. The student will learn techniques of practical reasoning and argumentation, with emphasis on application of these techniques in the writing of a sequence of argumentative essays. Topics include: critical reading, argument analysis, recognizing propaganda and stereotypes, clarifying ambiguity, meaning and definition, evaluation evidence, logical correctness versus factual correctness, and common mistakes in reasoning (formal and informal fallacies). Critical writing strategies are emphasized. Sample arguments for analysis are drawn from readings in philosophy and from culturally diverse sources in other fields. This course has been designed to fulfill the IGETC Critical Thinking/English Composition requirement.

A study of contemporary topics in mathematics including statistics, social choice, management science, and geometric and algebraic patterns.

A study of basic concepts of mathematics required for the liberal studies major and the multiple subject teaching credential. It is recommended for current elementary and junior high school teachers. It is also recommended for the career technical single subject education credential candidate. Topics include development of critical thinking, set theory, logic, numeration systems, the set of integers, elementary number theory, the set of rational numbers, the set of real numbers, and measurement of geometric figures.

The study of directed angles, degree/radian measures of angles, trigonometric functions of angles and of numbers, solutions of right and oblique triangles, identities, functions of composite angles, graphs, equations, inverse functions, vectors and complex numbers.

College level course in algebra for majors in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics: polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, absolute value, and logarithmic functions; systems of equations; theory of polynomial equations; analytic geometry.

Techniques of calculus as applied to problem-solving in business and social, behavioral, and natural sciences, including limits, continuity, differentiation and integration in one and several dimensions, optimization, transcendental functions, and the use of computing technology.

Preparation for calculus: the study of polynomial, absolute value, radical, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions, analytic geometry, and polar coordinates. The study of trigonometric functions, their inverses and their graphs, identities and proofs related to trigonometric expressions, trigonometric equations, solving right triangles, solving triangles using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines, and introduction to vectors. This is an accelerated one semester alternative to the two semesters of trigonometry (Math 121) and College Algebra (Math 131).

The first in a two-semester sequence comprising first-year calculus. Topics include functions, limits, continuity, the derivative, differentiation of algebraic, trigonometric and transcendental functions, applications of differentiation, the definite integral, and the use of technology to solve calculus problems.

The second in a two-semester sequence comprising first-year calculus. Topics include methods and applications of integration, sequences and series, Taylor series, an introduction to differential equations, and the use of technology to solve calculus problems.

Topics include vectors, functions of several variables; differentiation and integration in several dimensions; change of variables; parameterized curves and vector fields, line and surface integrals; Green's, Stokes', and divergence theorems.

First order ordinary differential equations, including separable, linear, homogeneous of degree zero, Bernoulli and exact with applications and numerical methods. Solutions to higher order differential equations using undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters, and power series, with applications. Solutions to linear and non-linear systems of differential equations, including numerical solutions. Matrix algebra, solutions of linear systems of equations, and determinants. Vector spaces, linear independence, basis and dimension, subspace and inner product space, including the Gram-Schmidt procedure. Linear transformations, kernel and range, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization and symmetric matrices.

This course is an introduction to statistical thinking and processes, including methods and concepts for discovery and decision-making using data. Topics include descriptive statistics; probability and sampling distributions; statistical inference; correlation and linear regression; analysis of variance, chi-squared, and t-tests; and application of technology for statistical analysis including the interpretation of the relevance of the statistical findings. Students apply methods and processes to applications using data from a broad range of disciplines.

This course introduces students to the characteristics of the criminal justice system in the United States. Focus is placed on examining crime measurement, theoretical explanations of crime, responses to crime, components of the system, and current challenges to the system. The course examines the evolution of the principles and approaches utilized by the justice system and the evolving forces which have shaped those principles and approaches. Although justice structure and process is examined in a cross cultural context, emphasis is placed on the U.S. justice system, particularly the structure and function of U.S. law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students are introduced to the origins and development of criminal law, legal process, and sentencing and incarceration policies.

This course offers an analysis of the doctrines of criminal liability in the United States and the classification of crimes against persons, property, morals, and public welfare. Special emphasis is placed on the classification of crime, the general elements of crime, the definitions of common and statutory law, and the nature of acceptable evidence. This course utilizes case law and case studies to introduce students to criminal law. The completion of this course offers a foundation upon which upper-division criminal justice course will build. The course will also include some limited discussion of prosecution and defense decision making, criminal culpability, and defenses to crimes.

Theories of the causes of criminal behavior, focusing on the person and the group; criminal behavior systems; the police behavioral response to criminal activity and its nature and causes.

An introductory course on contemporary human sociocultural adaptations from around the world. This course is a cross-cultural survey of important avenues of anthropological research and attempts to understand and explain the similarities and differences in human behavior, social institutions, and total ways of life. By studying all human societies, anthropologists attempt to understand the variability of culture to gain a holistic view of the human condition.

An introduction to the study of archaeological concepts, methods, and theory as well as human prehistory. The course will cover many of the fundamental principles of archaeological research and provide an overview of human prehistory from the earliest evidence of culture up to the development of literate civilizations. We will also explore the types of questions archaeologists ask about the human past and the scientific methods used to address these questions.

An introduction to the study of language and communication in relation to culture. Focus is on the structure, function, and history of language as well as the social, symbolic and practical uses of language. Linguistic concepts, methodologies, and theoretical assumptions will be explored. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ENGL 105.

Origins, social organization, geographic and political histories of Native Americans in California, and the effects of colonialism and settler colonialism. Exploration of the evolving relationship of Indigenous peoples and nations with settler colonial societies. Course surveys California Indigenous peoples,. selected tribal community histories, federal and state Indian policies, and California Indigenous history. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ANTH 107.

An introduction to basic economic analysis and institutions. Macroeconomic analysis of income, employment, price level, and international trade. Microeconomic analysis of demand, production, competitive and noncompetitive product markets, and factor markets. Emphasis is placed on the applications of economic theory in the business environment. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ECON 121. May be taken prior to or concurrently with ECON 101 or ECON 102.

An introduction to international economic issues. Explores why countries trade and addresses the consequences of trade restrictions. Alternative exchange rate systems, factors that cause exchange-rate fluctuations, and the determinants of a country's balance of trade are covered. Other topics include the politics of trade policy, the impact of trade on the job market, the role of international institutions in the global economy, financial crises, global environmental issues, and international debt problems. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for Economics 141 or Global Studies 141. May be taken prior to or concurrently with Econ 101 or Econ 102, or Econ 121 or Bus 121.

This course provides a foundational introduction to communication studies. Students will explore key communication theories, effective public speaking techniques—both informative and persuasive— and the principles of rhetoric. The course equips students to articulate ideas clearly across diverse contexts and audiences. Students will critically evaluate historical and contemporary speeches while practicing ethical communication to enhance awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Per CalGETC standards, this course is taught in English.

This course provides a comprehensive exploration of intercultural communication within the context of the social and behavioral sciences. It focuses on how human behavior, societal structures, and communication are shaped by culture, perception, and identity. Through theoretical frameworks and empirical research, students will critically examine communication dynamics across diverse cultural groups, assess the socio-psychological impacts of culture on communication and analyze the historical and contemporary factors influencing intercultural relations. This course is not open to students who have received credit for SPCH 110.

Examines the progression of development in the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains and identifies developmental milestones for children from conception through adolescence. Emphasis on interactions between biological processes and environmental factors. Students will observe children, evaluate individual differences, and analyze characteristics of development at various stages according to developmental theories.

The processes of socialization focusing on the interrelationship of family, school, and community. Examines the influence of multiple societal contexts. Explores the role of collaboration between family, community, and schools in supporting children’s development, birth through adolescence.

An introduction to aggregate economic analysis. Topics include market systems; economic cycles including recession, unemployment, and inflation; national income accounts; macroeconomics equilibrium; money and financial institutions; monetary and fiscal policy; and international trade and finance. ECON 101 may be taken prior to or concurrently with ECON 102/ECON 121/BUS 121.

An introduction to types of individual economic units. Topics include scarcity, opportunity costs, comparative advantage, supply, demand, elasticity, cost theory, price and output determination under various market structures and factor markets. Related topics such as international trade, public choice, income distribution, externalities and government regulation will also be included. ECON 102 may be taken prior to or concurrently with ECON 101/ECON 121/BUS 121.

An introduction to basic economic analysis and institutions. Macroeconomic analysis of income, employment, price level, and international trade. Microeconomic analysis of demand, production, competitive and noncompetitive product markets, and factor markets. Emphasis is placed on the applications of economic theory in the business environment. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for BUS 121. May be taken prior to or concurrently with ECON 101 or ECON 102.

An introduction to international economic issues. Explores why countries trade and addresses the consequences of trade restrictions. Alternative exchange rate systems, factors that cause exchange-rate fluctuations, and the determinants of a country's balance of trade are covered. Other topics include the politics of trade policy, the impact of trade on the job market, the role of international debt problems. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or who have received credit for Business 141.

An introduction to the study of language and communication in relation to culture. Focus is on the structure, function and history of language as well as the social, symbolic and practical uses of language. Linguistic concepts, methodologies, and theoretical assumptions will also be explored. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ANTH 105.

Using sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, this course introduces students to major concepts, theories, processes, and events in the study of racial and ethnic groups.  It focuses on the historical and contemporary experiences of Native Americans, Latino/a/x and Chicano/a Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans as a way of exploring ideas such as individual and systemic racisms, colonialism and decolonization, racial/ethnic stratification, marginalization, white privilege, and intersectionality.  It also explores the ways in which these groups have resisted, adapted, and sometimes thrived in ways that have made significant and enduring contributions to our society.  More broadly, the course also investigates the processes and circumstances that have led to the construction of race and racial categories in the modern world States.  Finally, the course aims to provide a foundation for students to engage in practices that challenge racism and racial inequality. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for SOC 120.

Origins, social organization, geographic and political histories of Native Americans in California, and the effects of colonialism and settler colonialism. Exploration of the evolving relationship of Indigenous peoples and nations with settler colonial societies. Course surveys California Indigenous peoples,. selected tribal community histories, federal and state Indian policies, and California Indigenous history. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ANTH 107.

A historical perspective is used to explore our human role in shaping the earth's cultural landscapes. Globalization and cultural diversity are course themes. Topics include population and migration; the geography of language, religion, and social customs; economic forms; settlements; and resource problems.

A study of the world's major geographic regions. The course focuses on the increasing globalization of the world and a movement towards greater emphasis on cultural diversity.

A survey of the geography of California, including the physical environment, weather and climate, population and migration, industry and agriculture, and major cultural patterns. Themes will include: cultural diversity, economic and political trends, resource issues, and the human-environment interaction.

An introduction to international economic issues. Explores why countries trade and addresses the consequences of trade restrictions. Alternative exchange rate systems, factors that cause exchange-rate fluctuations, and the determinants of a country's balance of trade are covered. Other topics include the politics of trade policy, the impact of trade on the job market, the role of international institutions in the global economy, financial crises, global environmental issues, and international debt problems. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for Business 141 or Economics 141. May be taken prior to or concurrently with Econ 101 or Econ 102, or Econ 121 or Bus 121.

A study of the development of visual communication in art, graphic design, illustration and popular culture. Emphasis is on the role of graphic designers and illustrators, the impact and interpretation of graphic images, symbols, and typography used in informative and persuasive media. The course is designed for graphics majors who want to transfer and is a Humanities elective for general education requirements.

This introductory course examines a wide range of issues related to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community, and how those issues impact family, education and the community.

This course examines the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer community in the 21st century including issues, events, and activism impacting LGBTQ families and education.

An intersectional and interdisciplinary approach to understanding success in college for Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students. This course will explore factors which contribute to a successful experience in higher education for Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students. An examination of the cultural and educational experiences of the Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x communities in the United States. Emphasis on understanding the historical background of Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x students in relation to current educational conditions and trends which impact student success.

Examination of psycho-social issues and the development of individual identities to advance learning in American diverse communities. Using race, culture and education as a frame of reference, issues of inequality and social justice are explored to discover their influence on personal development, learning, and agency.

Designed to provide mental and psychological considerations as they relate to sport and exercise. Students will learn how various subjects impact the participation in and execution of sport in both individual and team settings. Subjects such as leadership and communication, goal setting, anxiety, violence, team cohesion, burnout, and drug abuse will be discussed.

This is an introductory course examining a variety of approaches to the study of political science with particular emphasis on the American political system in comparative perspective. Topics discussed include nature of politics, comparative politics, selected political philosophers, principles of government, methods used by political scientists, and American government. This course satisfies part of the history and government requirements for the California State Colleges and Universities and Allan Hancock College. Students receiving credit must demonstrate satisfactory knowledge about national and state government.

A study of the forces and conditions involved in the actions, interactions and relations of nations and organizations within the international system. Emphasis is placed on the tools of analysis for understanding and predicting behavior on the international stage.

This course is an introduction to the comparative analysis of contemporary governmental institutions, political processes and their environments. The survey includes current political institutions, citizen participation, political problems, politics, and policies within these systems. 

Introduction to political theory. Focuses on concepts like: authority, liberty, equality, law, justice, community, rights, citizenship, property, class conflict, and constitutionalism. Readings from major thinkers, such as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Marx, Nietzsche, Rawls, and others.

This course is an introductory overview of the human sexual condition from the perspective of the diverse cultures, sociological and psychological aspects within the United States as well as other countries/cultures. Students will be encouraged to become aware of their own sexual values, attitudes and related behaviors as well as being tolerant of sexual expression/orientation different from their own experience. This course will emphasize social patterns of sexual behavior, sexuality lifespan, sexual norms and abnormalities as well as historical and current sexual problems.

This course covers major contemporary personality theories, compares and contrasts diverse personality perspectives, and applies the theoretical principles to personality, psychological health, and psychological growth.

Examines the multicultural four-stage development of the child from conception through adolescence: first two years, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Each stage is approached from the biosocial development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development perspectives. This course includes various psychological theories fundamental to the child's development.   Other topics include but are not limited to: the impact of nature versus nurture, the impact of different parenting styles, types of attachments as well as issues related to prenatal development and birth.

A balanced study of basic theories, research, and principles of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development from conception to death is presented in an integrated manner; includes behavior, sexuality, nutrition, health, stress, environmental relationships, and implications of death and dying.

This course introduces students to the scientific study of broadly defined psychopathology and atypical or abnormal behaviors. Students will be required to investigate these abnormal behaviors from a variety of perspectives including biological, psychological, and sociocultural approaches. Theory and research in abnormal behavior, as well as intervention and prevention strategies for psychological disorders are also introduced.

An examination of how human behavior, attitudes, emotions, and thoughts are affected by the social situation. Topics include self-concept, intimate relationships, prejudice, obedience to authority, social influence, group-decision making, and multicultural relations. The use of social psychology in understanding diversity, sexism, and international conflicts is discussed. This course meets the Social Science GE requirement.

This course is an introduction to psychology, which is the study of the mind and behavior. Students focus on theories and concepts of biological, cognitive, developmental, environmental, social, and cultural influences; their applications; and their research foundations.

A survey course in the science of society, which examines major sociological, processes and structures with particular attention to American society. Emphases are placed upon basic sociological concepts, social institutions, social issues, and the connections between individual consciousness and the broader socio-historical context.

A survey and analysis of ethnic groups and their relations in the United States including the stratification systems, prejudice and discrimination.

An introduction to sociological/psychological research methods. Presents the research process from topic selection through data collection for a variety of methods such as surveys, experiments, in-depth interviews, content analysis and comparative/historical research. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for Psychology 104.

Using sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, this course introduces students to major concepts, theories, processes, and events in the study or racial and ethnic groups.  It focuses on the historical and contemporary experiences of Native Americans, Latino/a/x and Chicano/a Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans as a way of exploring ideas such as individual and systemic racisms, colonialism and decolonization, racial/ethnic stratification, marginalization, white privilege, and intersectionality.  It also explores the ways in which these groups have resisted, adapted, and sometimes thrived in ways that have made significant and enduring contributions to our society.  More broadly, the course also investigates the processes and circumstances that have led to the construction of race and racial categories in the modern world.  Finally, the course aims to provide a foundation for students to engage in practices that challenge racism and racial inequality. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 101.

A sociological exploration of the Hispanic culture which includes their educational, political and economic status. Emphasis will be on immigration patterns, culture, images, cultural values, social images, assimilation patterns and pluralism. Hispanic groups to be studied will include Mexican Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, Cuban Americans.(F,S)

An exploration of the complex interaction between the mass media and individuals, culture and other social institutions. While focused on the United States, the issue of an increasingly globalized mass media and the emergence of global culture is also addressed. Topics include the effects of mass media on pubic opinion and popular culture; the various racial, ethnic and gender stereotypes in the mass media; the ways in which politics affects and is affected by mass communication; the consequences of privately owned media; the major changes in technologies; and the emergence and growth of a “global culture” based on media technology and organizations.

This course is an introduction to the multi-disciplinary field of urban studies. Taking advantage of the contributions made by disciplines such as history, sociology, economics, psychology, political science, architecture and planning, the course explores the following topics: The origin of cities; the physical, social and cultural characteristics of cities and metropolises; the complexity, richness and challenges of everyday life in urban society; the social problems that plague urban America; and the various strategies being used to solve urban problems and enhance the metropolitan experience. The focus of the course is primarily (although not exclusively) the United States, and special attention is given to issues of class, race and gender.

An introductory course on the study of human evolution that explores the history of evolutionary thought, the biological basis of life, genetics, population biology, modern human variation, paleontology, primatology and hominid evolution. Important scientific and social issues that relate to biological anthropology will also be presented. Students are encouraged to concurrently enroll in Anthropology 110.

A hands-on laboratory class designed to complement the Anthropology 101 lecture class. This lab class explores the biological basis of human life from an evolutionary perspective through the study of genetics, human variation, human osteology, non-human primates, and hominin fossil remains.

A survey course introducing the general principles and fundamental facts of astronomy. Online homework may be required.

An introduction to the concepts of biology. Designed for majors in fields other than biological science, the course investigates the nature of science, cells, genetics, evolution, ecology, and biodiversity. Lecture: 3 hours weekly. Lab: 3 hours weekly.

Explores contemporary problems generated by human scientific, social and ethical interaction with the environment. Lectures examine the scope of present environmental problems, possible future impacts, and potential solutions. Topics include human impact on the environment, ecological controversies, ecosystem operation, water and energy perspectives, and values of wilderness preservation. Emphasis is on both local and global dimensions of the above topics.

An examination of the functional anatomy of the human organism. Lectures and laboratories investigate the microscopic and macroscopic structures of the major organ systems.

An introductory study of marine organisms and their interactions in marine ecosystems with an emphasis on the organisms and ecosystems of the Central California coast. Several field trips to the marine shore required. 

An introduction to the fundamentals of chemistry including the composition of matter, energy, and chemical reactions and their application to everyday living. Applications of chemistry in the areas of medicine, nuclear power, plastics, household products and society's effect on the environment will be emphasized. Intended for non-science majors. Not open to students who are enrolled in or have completed Chemistry 100, 105, or Chemistry 120.

An introductory course emphasizing the principles and practices of chemistry for the student having no prior background in chemistry. Not open to students currently enrolled in or who have received credit for CHEM 100. Lecture 3 hours weekly. Lab : 3 hours weekly.

An introduction to environmental and occupational laws, regulations, and methods, leading to the practical aspects of protecting the environment, maintaining the health and safety of individuals in the workplace while assuring sustainability. The course examines systematic approaches to preventing or reducing risks of harm through gathering information and drawing conclusions based on measurable evidence or data.  Students are encouraged to concurrently enroll in ENVT 111.

This course covers the science of foods and the nutrients they contain, and of their actions within the body. Emphasis is placed on individual dietary needs, current nutrition and health issues, and application of evidence-based nutrition information. Students utilize computer software to analyze personal diet records and plan healthful meals.

An introduction to the earth's physical geography, addressing the origins, patterns and interconnections of weather/climate, water, landforms, living systems and human culture.

This course is design to provide supplemental exercises in topics covered in Physical Geography lecture. Lab experience will include map analysis and interpretation, weather prognostication, landform processes and evolution, tectonics, biogeography, and habitat analysis.

Physical Geology explores the processes that are shaping Earth today. It examines the formation of rocks and mineral resources, the volcanic and tectonic activity that accompany release of Earth's internal heat, and the sculpting of the planet's surface that occurs as air, water and ice move in response to gravity and energy from the Sun. Lab activities include identification of rocks and minerals, interpretation of topographic and geologic maps, and field studies of regional geologic features.

Historical Geology explores how Earth and the life it supports have changed through time. Geologic principles are used to reconstruct the planet's origin and the events that have modified the physical environment, whereas fossils are used to trace the history of life and discover how natural selection and environmental change have shaped living communities. Lab exercises include the identification of rocks and fossils, map interpretation, and field study of regional geologic history.

An introduction to the physical and biological aspects of the marine environment, including processes of heat transfer, tides, currents, waves, life in the marine ecosystem, geological processes of shorelines, deep sea geology, plate tectonics, and marine economic resources. Includes field trips to local Coastal areas.

This course introduces the student to laboratory and field methods in oceanography. Topics include physical, chemical and geological processes along with human impacts on the ocean environment. The course includes field trips to locations on the central California coast.

An overview of the geologic features and history of California emphasizing an understanding of California's past and present plate tectonic setting, unique landscape features, resources and hazards.

A study of humankind's scientific, social, and ethical interactions with earth systems. Topics include earth processes, geologic hazards, the earth's renewable and non-renewable resources, and the earth's ability accept the products of human waste. This course is not open to students who have received credit for Environmental Studies 102.

Introduction to the basic principles of physical science and applications of these principles in everyday life. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: scientific method, measurements, force and motion, work and energy, heat, waves, fluids, electricity, atomic physics, matter, compounds, molecules, chemical reactions, and ions.

Introduction to the basic principles of astronomy and earth sciences and applications of these principles to everyday life. Topics include the solar system, stars, galaxies, and cosmology, structure and formation of the earth, earth quakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics, the atmosphere, the ocean, and weather.

An overview of the major areas of physics. Emphasis is on concepts, applications, and the consequences for modern life. An historical perspective on the development of physical theory and its impact on civilization is explored.

An introduction to viticulture including grape growing, biology, anatomy, history, distribution, propagation, varieties, wine types, climate, common diseases and pests. This course is not open to students who have received credit for AG 102.

Origins, social organization, geographic and political histories of Native Americans in California, and the effects of colonialism and settler colonialism. Exploration of the evolving relationship of Indigenous peoples and nations with settler colonial societies. Course surveys California Indigenous peoples,. selected tribal community histories, federal and state Indian policies, and California Indigenous history. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ANTH 107.

Ethnic studies movements have been led by the words of poets, who possess the tools to embolden the masses. This course analyzes the historical and contemporary protest poetry written by African and Black American, Asian and Pacific Island American, Native American Indigenous, Latino/a American poets and others, and is grounded in Ethnic Studies theory, such as institutional oppression, immigrant survivalism, racial, gender and sexual identity. Course material will focus on the close reading of activism poetry, provide an interdisciplinary framework to understand power struggles in the United States, and will conclude with a community engaged poetry event led by student readers. This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ES 135.

Ethnic studies embodies solidarity and collective liberation, but liberation cannot be achieved without analyzing differences. This course explores— through the analysis of contemporary literature, in texts, film and multimedia—concepts of racial-ethnic discrimination experienced by the four minoritized populations—African and Black American, Asian and Pacific Island American, Native American and Latino/a American. Through the study of these ideas of differences, this course will explore the tensions, unity and intersectionality between these communities. The students will end the semester completing a community project that utilizes their skills of advocacy writing to support a non-profit organization that has an impact on the minoritized group studied. They will engage in the question: Would you rather have an enemy or a conversation? This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ES 139.

This course critically examines the history of Asian Pacific Island Desi Americans (APIDA) as it is embodied within literary texts, emphasizing the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. Through an Ethnic Studies lens, students will examine concepts of collective liberation, self-determination, sovereignty, and critical consciousness in celebrating APIDA narratives, ranging from China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands. In engaging in Asian Pacific American studies and theory, students will gain an understanding of identity and recognition, which they will use towards activism and social transformation in their communities. This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ES 150.

This course critically examines the history of Black Americans as it is embodied within literary texts, emphasizing the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. Through an ethnic studies lens, students will examine concepts of  collective liberation, self-determination, sovereignty, and critical consciousness as they are explored through African American intellectual traditions, lived experiences, and racial and social justice struggles, foregrounding the particular and collective roles of Black writers and thinkers in the shaping and development of culture and literature within U.S. society. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or who have received credit for ES 151.

Informed by the intersectionality of race, socioeconomic class, and gender; institutional racism and historic oppression; and borderland identity politics, this course critically examines historical, cultural, sociopolitical, and aesthetic attributes of Latina/o and Chicana/o literature and cultural production. Students will analyze contemporary and classic texts including memoir, fiction, poetry, film, essays, and other visual-verbal expressions with an emphasis on recognizing and affirming plural identities and advocating social justice and equity. Through the celebration of Latina/o narratives, students will gain an understanding of identity and recognition, which they will use towards activism and social transformation within their communities.  This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 152.

This course centers Ethnic Studies frameworks such as advocacy, self-reflection, and collective liberation, as well as concepts such as sovereignty, survivance, gender and sexuality, and intellectual trade. Using these frameworks and concepts, this course’s analyses of literature and cultural expression will account for the Native American response to historical, political, and legal contexts, with emphasis on the specific religious, linguistic, historical, political and cultural context of Native American literary and cultural achievements. Focus is placed on the particular and collective roles of Native American writers and thinkers in the shaping and development of culture and literature within North America with emphasis on the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ES 153.

Using sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, this course introduces students to major concepts, theories, processes, and events in the study of racial and ethnic groups.  It focuses on the historical and contemporary experiences of Native Americans, Latino/a/x and Chicano/a Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans as a way of exploring ideas such as individual and systemic racisms, colonialism and decolonization, racial/ethnic stratification, marginalization, white privilege, and intersectionality.  It also explores the ways in which these groups have resisted, adapted, and sometimes thrived in ways that have made significant and enduring contributions to our society.  More broadly, the course also investigates the processes and circumstances that have led to the construction of race and racial categories in the modern world States.  Finally, the course aims to provide a foundation for students to engage in practices that challenge racism and racial inequality. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for SOC 120.

Fashion and race in the context of social, cultural, and environmental influences in the US. A focus is place on members of historically racialized groups in the US including Native American, African American, and/or Latino American communities who are active producers and consumers of apparel. Apparel and textiles will be critically examined with attention to racial formation discourses as they relate to ethnicity, race, nation, class, culture, social moments, environmental-health disparities, and policy.

Origins, social organization, geographic and political histories of Native Americans in California, and the effects of colonialism and settler colonialism. Exploration of the evolving relationship of Indigenous peoples and nations with settler colonial societies. Course surveys California Indigenous peoples,. selected tribal community histories, federal and state Indian policies, and California Indigenous history. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ANTH 107.

A historical survey of the Chicano residing in the southwest United Sates. The course provides an interdisciplinary survey of the Mexican American/Chicano heritage with emphasis on the contemporary experience in the United States. The course will include an analysis of the economic, political, social, and intellectual elements of the culture of the Mexican American/Chicano community, and a study of the changing relationship of the community to the general society of the United States. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for HIST 120.

This is a survey of the history of African Americans from their origins in Africa to the present covering the political, cultural, social, and economic experiences of African Americans. Students will encounter the social, economic, and legal institutions which characterized being black in the United States at various periods in the nation's history.  Topics include African civilization, slavery, the Diaspora, abolition, reconstruction, segregation, Harlem Renaissance, Civil Rights Movement, African Americans in politics, and race in Modern America. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for HIST 121.

In recent years, motion pictures have contributed greatly to the ongoing dialog surrounding issues of race in the United States. That said, American cinema’s history is populated with examples of exclusionist and racist practices that have disproportionately marginalized people of color. This course will look closely at the evolving portrayal and participation of African Americans, Asian Americans, Latina and Latino Americans, and Native Americans over the one hundred and twenty years of American cinema. This course will highlight the important work of filmmakers of color engaged in the struggle for justice and equality in representation. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for FILM 122.

Ethnic studies movements have been led by the words of poets, who possess the tools to embolden the masses. This course analyzes the historical and contemporary protest poetry written by African and Black American, Asian and Pacific Island American, Native American Indigenous, Latino/a American poets and others, and is grounded in Ethnic Studies theory, such as institutional oppression, immigrant survivalism, racial, gender and sexual identity. Course material will focus on the close reading of activism poetry, provide an interdisciplinary framework to understand power struggles in the United States, and will conclude with a community engaged poetry event led by student readers.  This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ENGL 135.

Ethnic studies embodies solidarity and collective liberation, but liberation cannot be achieved without analyzing differences. This course explores— through the analysis of contemporary literature, in texts, film and multimedia—concepts of racial-ethnic discrimination experienced by the four minoritized populations—African and Black American, Asian and Pacific Island American, Native American and Latino/a American. Through the study of these ideas of differences, this course will explore the tensions, unity and intersectionality between these communities. The students will end the semester completing a community project that utilizes their skills of advocacy writing to support a non-profit organization that has an impact on the minoritized group studied. They will engage in the question: Would you rather have an enemy or a conversation? This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ENGL 139.

This course critically examines the history of Asian Pacific Island Desi Americans (APIDA) as it is embodied within literary texts, emphasizing the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. Through an Ethnic Studies lens, students will examine concepts of collective liberation, self-determination, sovereignty, and critical consciousness in celebrating APIDA narratives, ranging from China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands. In engaging in Asian Pacific American studies and theory, students will gain an understanding of identity and recognition, which they will use towards activism and social transformation in their communities. This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ENGL 150.

This course critically examines the history of Black Americans as it is embodied within literary texts, emphasizing the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. Through an ethnic studies lens, students will examine concepts of collective liberation, self-determination, sovereignty, and critical consciousness as they are explored through African American intellectual traditions, lived experiences, and racial and social justice struggles, foregrounding the particular and collective roles of Black writers and thinkers in the shaping and development of culture and literature within U.S. society. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or who have received credit for ENGL151. 

Informed by the intersectionality of race, socioeconomic class, and gender; institutional racism and historic oppression; and borderland identity politics, this course critically examines historical, cultural, sociopolitical, and aesthetic attributes of Latina/o and Chicana/o literature and cultural production. Students will analyze contemporary and classic texts including memoir, fiction, poetry, film, essays, and other visual-verbal expressions with an emphasis on recognizing and affirming plural identities and advocating social justice and equity. Through the celebration of Latina/o narratives, students will gain an understanding of identity and recognition, which they will use towards activism and social transformation within their communities.  This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ENGL 152.

This course centers Ethnic Studies frameworks such as advocacy, self-reflection, and collective liberation, as well as concepts such as sovereignty, survivance, gender and sexuality, and intellectual trade. Using these frameworks and concepts, this course’s analyses of literature and cultural expression will account for the Native American response to historical, political, and legal contexts, with emphasis on the specific religious, linguistic, historical, political and cultural context of Native American literary and cultural achievements. Focus is placed on the particular and collective roles of Native American writers and thinkers in the shaping and development of culture and literature within North America with emphasis on the intersectionalities of race, gender, class, sexual identity, and interethnic relations. This course is not open to students who have enrolled in or who have received credit for ENGL153.

Fashion and race in the context of social, cultural, and environmental influences in the US. A focus is placed on members of historically racialized groups in the US including Native American, African American, and/or Latino American communities who are active producers and consumers of apparel. Apparel and textiles will be critically examined with attention to racial formation discourses as they relate to ethnicity, race, nation, class, culture, social moments, environmental-health disparities, and policy.

In recent years, motion pictures have contributed greatly to the ongoing dialog surrounding issues of race in the United States. That said, American cinema’s history is populated with examples of exclusionist and racist practices that have disproportionately marginalized people of color. This course will look closely at the evolving portrayal and participation of African Americans, Asian Americans, Latina and Latino Americans, and Native Americans over the one hundred and twenty years of American cinema. This course will highlight the important work of filmmakers of color engaged in the struggle for justice and equality in representation. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 122.

A historical survey of the Chicano residing in the southwest United States. The course provides an interdisciplinary survey of the Mexican American/Chicano heritage with emphasis on the contemporary experience in the United States. The course will include an analysis of the economic, political, social, and intellectual elements of the culture of the Mexican American/Chicano community, and a study of the changing relationship of the community to the general society of the United States. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 120.

This is a survey of the history of African Americans from their origins in Africa to the present covering the political, cultural, social, and economic experiences of African Americans. Students will encounter the social, economic, and legal institutions which characterized being black in the United States at various periods in the nation's history.  Topics include African civilization, slavery, the Diaspora, abolition, reconstruction, segregation, Harlem Renaissance, Civil Rights Movement, African Americans in politics, and race in Modern America. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 121.

Using sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, this course introduces students to major concepts, theories, processes, and events in the study or racial and ethnic groups.  It focuses on the historical and contemporary experiences of Native Americans, Latino/a/x and Chicano/a Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans as a way of exploring ideas such as individual and systemic racisms, colonialism and decolonization, racial/ethnic stratification, marginalization, white privilege, and intersectionality.  It also explores the ways in which these groups have resisted, adapted, and sometimes thrived in ways that have made significant and enduring contributions to our society.  More broadly, the course also investigates the processes and circumstances that have led to the construction of race and racial categories in the modern world.  Finally, the course aims to provide a foundation for students to engage in practices that challenge racism and racial inequality. This course is not open to students who are enrolled in or have received credit for ES 101.